Realtime Feature Views that Return Struct Features

info

This feature is not supported in Tecton on Snowflake.

If you are interested in this functionality, please file a feature request.

You can include a Struct data type in the output schema of a Realtime Feature View (RTFV). A Struct can contain multiple fields with mixed data types.

A Struct can be nested within other complex types. For example, you can have a Struct within a Struct, or an array of Structs.

Using a Struct in the output schema of an RTFV allows you to easily parse the RTFV's output when it contains multiple feature values.

Example usage: An output Struct containing two fields

The RTFV definition

from tecton import realtime_feature_view, RequestSource, FeatureService, Attribute
from tecton.types import Array, Field, Float64, String, Struct

request_source = RequestSource([Field("input_float", Float64)])

output_schema = (Struct([Field("string_field", String), Field("float64_field", Float64)]),)


@realtime_feature_view(
    mode="python",
    sources=[request_source],
    features=[Attribute("output_struct", output_schema)],
    description="Output a struct with two fields.",
)
def simple_struct_example_rtfv(request):
    input_float = request["input_float"]
    return {
        "output_struct": {
            "string_field": str(input_float * 2),
            "float64_field": input_float * 2,
        }
    }


feature_service = FeatureService(
    name="simple_struct_example_feature_service",
    description="Output a struct with two fields.",
    features=[simple_struct_example_rtfv],
)

Example usage in a notebook

import tecton
import pandas

events = pandas.DataFrame(data={"input_float": [1.23, 3.22]})

simple_struct_example_rtfv = tecton.get_workspace("my_workspace").get_feature_view("simple_struct_example_rtfv")
simple_struct_example_rtfv.get_features_for_events(events).to_spark().show(10, False)

Output:

+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
|input_float|simple_struct_example_rtfv__output_struct|
+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
|1.23       |{2.46, 2.46}                             |
|3.22       |{6.44, 6.44}                             |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------+

Example HTTP request

$ curl -X POST http://<your_cluster>.tecton.ai/api/v1/feature-service/get-features\
     -H "Authorization: Tecton-key $TECTON_API_KEY" -d\
'{
  "params": {
    "workspace_name": "my_workspace",
    "feature_service_name": "simple_struct_example_feature_service",
    "request_context_map": {
      "input_float": 1.23
    },
    "metadata_options": {
      "include_names": true,
      "include_data_types": true
    }
  }
}'

Output:

{
  "result": {
    "features": [["2.46", 2.46]]
  },
  "metadata": {
    "features": [
      {
        "name": "output_struct",
        "dataType": {
          "type": "struct",
          "fields": [
            {
              "name": "string_field",
              "dataType": {
                "type": "string"
              }
            },
            {
              "name": "float64_field",
              "dataType": {
                "type": "float64"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Example usage: An output Struct containing an array of Structs with some nulls

The RTFV definition

from tecton import realtime_feature_view, RequestSource, FeatureService
from tecton.types import Array, Field, Float64, String, Struct

request_source = RequestSource([Field("input_float", Float64)])

array_of_structs_schema = (Array(Struct([Field("string_field", String), Field("float64_field", Float64)])),)


@realtime_feature_view(
    mode="python",
    sources=[request_source],
    features=[Attribute("array_of_structs", array_of_structs_schema)],
    description="Output an array of Structs with some null examples.",
)
def array_of_structs_example_rtfv(request):
    input_float = request["input_float"]
    return {
        "array_of_structs": [
            {"string_field": str(input_float * 2), "float64_field": input_float * 2},
            {"string_field": str(input_float * 3), "float64_field": input_float * 3},
            # A Struct missing one key and setting the other explicitly to None. These are equivalent
            # was to return a "null" field.
            {
                "string_field": None,
                # "float64_field": ...
            },
            # All Tecton data types are nullable, including Structs.
            None,
        ]
    }


feature_service = FeatureService(
    name="simple_struct_example_feature_service",
    description="Output an array of structs.",
    features=[array_of_structs_example_rtfv],
)

Example usage in a notebook

array_of_structs_example_rtfv = tecton.get_workspace("my_workspace").get_feature_view("array_of_structs_example_rtfv")
array_of_structs_example_rtfv.get_features_for_events(events).to_spark().show(10, False)

Output:

+-----------+------------------------------------------------+
|input_float|array_of_structs_example_rtfv__array_of_structs |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------+
|1.23       |[{2.46, 2.46}, {3.69, 3.69}, {null, null}, null]|
|3.22       |[{6.44, 6.44}, {9.66, 9.66}, {null, null}, null]|
+-----------+------------------------------------------------+

Example HTTP request

$ curl -X POST http://<your_cluster>.tecton.ai/api/v1/feature-service/get-features\
     -H "Authorization: Tecton-key $TECTON_API_KEY" -d\
'{
  "params": {
    "workspace_name": "my_workspace",
    "feature_service_name": "simple_struct_example_feature_service",
    "request_context_map": {
      "input_float": 1.23
    },
    "metadata_options": {
      "include_names": true,
      "include_data_types": true
    }
  }
}'

Output:

{
  "result": {
    "features": [[["2.46", 2.46], ["3.69", 3.69], [null, null], null]]
  },
  "metadata": {
    "features": [
      {
        "name": "array_of_structs",
        "dataType": {
          "type": "array",
          "elementType": {
            "type": "struct",
            "fields": [
              {
                "name": "string_field",
                "dataType": {
                  "type": "string"
                }
              },
              {
                "name": "float64_field",
                "dataType": {
                  "type": "float64"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Note that null or missing fields are returned in the JSON response as JSON null, and that there is a difference between a Struct containing all null values and a null Struct. Both are shown in this example.